Romans invade

Romans under Agricola invade Scotland.

The Battle of Mons Graupius, fought in CE 83 or 84, saw the Roman forces under Gnaeus Julius Agricola confront the Caledonian tribes in present-day Scotland. Despite being outnumbered, the disciplined Romans repelled a Caledonian charge, with their cavalry flanking and causing a rout. Although the Romans claimed a significant victory, reporting heavy Caledonian casualties while sustaining few losses themselves, they did not advance much further into Caledonia. Instead, they eventually withdrew to more defensible positions further south, leaving the Scottish Highlands free from prolonged Roman occupation.