Malcolm II

Malcolm II, known as Máel Coluim mac Cináeda, reigned as King of Scotland from 1005 to 1034 CE, following his victory over Kenneth III. His rule marked a significant era of consolidation and expansion for the Kingdom of Alba. Malcolm II successfully extended Scottish territories to encompass Lothian and Strathclyde, further solidifying the emerging Scottish kingdom. His reign was also characterized by battles against Norse invaders and efforts to ensure his lineage's succession. Malcolm's innovative approach to dynastic politics, combined with his military achievements, positioned him as a pivotal figure in early Scottish history, laying foundations for the nation's future growth and stability.