James IV

James IV of Scotland, who reigned from 1488 to 1513, is often lauded as one of the most successful and enlightened Scottish monarchs. Ascending the throne after the controversial death of his father, James III, he made efforts to reconcile with aggrieved parties and unite the kingdom. A true Renaissance prince, James IV was a patron of the arts, sciences, and education, promoting the use of the Scots language and fostering cultural ties with Europe. His reign saw diplomatic endeavors, including the Treaty of Perpetual Peace with England in 1502 and his marriage to Margaret Tudor, linking the Scottish and English royal families. However, despite these peace initiatives, James IV's rule ended tragically when he led Scotland into the Battle of Flodden against England in 1513, resulting in a devastating defeat and his own death on the battlefield.