Alexander II

Alexander II, known as Alasdair mac Uilliam, ruled as King of Scotland from 1214 to 1249. Succeeding his father, William I, Alexander's reign was characterized by his ambitions to expand Scottish territories, particularly his efforts to incorporate the western and northern isles, as well as regions in the north of England, into the Scottish kingdom. These endeavors often led to conflict with both Norway and England. Domestically, Alexander II worked on consolidating royal authority, introducing administrative reforms, and fostering a stable environment for the Scottish Church. His reign saw the Treaty of York in 1237, which defined the border between Scotland and England. As a monarch, Alexander II played a pivotal role in shaping Scotland's territorial boundaries and reinforcing the central authority of the Scottish crown.