William II and Mary II

William II and Mary II jointly reigned as King and Queen of England, Scotland, and Ireland from 1689 to 1694. They came to the throne following the Glorious Revolution, which saw the deposition of Mary's father, James VII, due to his Catholicism and perceived autocratic rule. Their joint reign is particularly noted for the establishment of constitutional monarchy, with the Bill of Rights in 1689 limiting the powers of the crown and affirming parliamentary supremacy.

While their rule was characterized by religious tolerance and the advancement of Protestantism, it also saw significant conflicts like the Nine Years' War. Mary II died in 1694, but William continued to reign as William III until his death in 1702.