Anglo-Scottish Wars

From 1377 to 1575, the Anglo-Scottish Wars continued to be characterized by intermittent skirmishes, raids, and larger campaigns as both kingdoms sought dominance in the border regions. This period witnessed the expansion of the Wars of the Roses in England, which Scotland occasionally exploited to its advantage. Notably, the Battle of Flodden in 1513 marked a significant English victory, resulting in the death of the Scottish King James IV. The subsequent decades saw the rise of the Protestant Reformation, further complicating relations as religious divides became intertwined with political ones. The Rough Wooing (1544-1551) exemplified this, as England sought to force a marriage alliance between Edward VI of England and Mary, Queen of Scots. By 1575, while full-scale warfare became less frequent, border tensions and political intrigues persisted, emblematic of the centuries-long rivalry and complex relationship between the two nations.